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2022

CIMac™ pDNA Analytical Column is powerful tool for pDNA quantification for in-process control or in a QC laboratory. The column can separate pDNA isoforms from each-other and from RNA impurities. Monitoring of pDNA production leads to a controlled and robust process, and can result in consistent high quality of the final product.

Optimised methods are a key component of a well-functioning analytical system, sometimes requiring time-consuming method development and steep learning curves. The following two methods described in this quick start guide can provide a starting point for pDNA purity and isoform analysis.

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2021

Optimized analytical methods are key components of a well-functioning analytical system, while method development usually comes with a time-consuming learning curve and optimization.

PATfix pDNA analytics platform, designed for in-process control of linear pDNA production, enables monitoring of pDNA linearization progression, as shown in Figure 1. Fully optimized and validated analytical methods, as well as guidelines for buffer and sample preparation come as part of the PATfix system, allowing users to focus on their specific application. In addition, the PATfix pDNA analytical package includes a pDNA calibration standard, which enables accurate quantification of the pDNA species of interest.

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2020

Miniaturised immobilised enzymatic reactors can be used for small scale digestion of proteins. There is need for such devices; small scale devices are used either for processing of analytical sample quantities, or as proof of concept before protein digestion at larger scale. This application note compares the performance of a flow through miniaturised immobilised enzymatic reactor (μIMER) with in-solution batch digestion of simple proteins and complex matrices. Automation of peptide analysis by coupled LC-MS is explored as an option to increase throughput. In the cases evaluated, the miniaturised immobilised enzymatic reactor offered comparative results to overnight in-solution digestion, within less than 10 minutes.


Pre-activated CIMmic™ monolithic columns with 100 μL bed volume were immobilised with trypsin from bovine pancreas. This small format allows coupling to HPLC for on-line protein digestion, as well as syringe (manual) operation of the IMER. Pre-treated samples (denatured, alkylated and ultra-filtered) are injected into the column, and the eluate (tryptic digests) are subjected to LC-ESI-MS-MS analysis for protein identification and post-translational modification (PTM) determination.

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2019

Pre-activated CIMmic™ Monolithic Columns are used as a basis for preparation of small volume affinity chromatographic columns as well as enzyme reactors. Small bed volume and flexible design makes them a powerful tool for screening purposes and immobilization protocol optimizations. Range of covalently bound ligands is wide and includes diverse set of proteins, peptides, nucleotides and other affinity ligands. The covalent nature of the bond between the ligand and matrix reduces leaching and improves stability and reusability. Reaction conditions must cater to their specific physiochemical nature.


Successful preparation of an affinity column includes a decision on the appropriate matrix chemistry and determination of an optimal immobilization protocol. Presented case study explores the basics of a coupling protocol optimization using covalent immobilization of Recombinant Prokaryotic Lectins (RPL-Gal1) on CIMmic CDI-0.1 and CIMmic ALD-0.1 columns, as an example. Carboxy imidazole (CDI) and aldehyde (ALD) activated CIMmic™ columns are used for covalent immobilization of amine or thiol containing molecules.

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2017

Sample displacement chromatography exploits the different relative binding affinities of components in a sample mixture to achieve accummulation of a desired substance on the column before elution. In pharmaceutical applications, requirements for purity and efficacy of plasmid DNA (pDNA) as a therapeutic product are stringent. The separation of linear, supercoiled (sc) and open-circular (oc) pDNA isoforms has already been established on CIM® butyl (C4 HLD) monolithic columns at preprative scale. This process requires high concentration of ammonium sulphate for loading which increases the overall production requirements. Competing adsorption in sample displacement chromatography utilises the binding capacity of the chromatographic resin more efficiently and increases productivity of the chromatographic step.
This application note investigates three monolithic chromatographic supports with different hydrophobicities regarding their applicability for sample displacement of pDNA. CIMac™ C4 HLD (butyl, high ligand density) as a commercial product and pyridine and histamine as custom immobilised columns are compared.

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2016

PEGylation involves the formation of a stable covalent bond between activated poly (ethylene glycol) polymers and polypeptidic drugs and molecules. This process causes a change in protein hydrophobicity and results in variance between the obtained conjugates. Despite this, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is used less frequently for separation of PEGylation reaction products than other techniques. Separation of PEGylated conjugates of Ribonuclease A (RNase A) via HIC on monolithic supports was analysed in this work. The protein was PEGylated in the N-terminal amino group with 20 kDa methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) propionaldehyde.

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Plasmid DNA (pDNA) as a pharmaceutical product has stringent requirements of purity and efficacy and often one or more chromatographic steps are used in the downstream process. High ligand density butyl-modified chromatographic monolith (CIMmultus™ C4 HLD, part of CIMmultus™ HiP² Plasmid Process Pack™ 1-1, product number 100.0011-2) is currently used in a polishing step of a pDNA purification process (1), is mainly used for separation of supercoiled (sc) pDNA separation from open circular (oc) and linear pDNA isoforms as well as for removal of remaining gDNA and RNA.
This application note presents a comparison of two different polishing processes employing monoliths, namely bind-elute (BE) and the more recently described (2) sample displacement purification (SDP).

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2014

DNA immunization can potentially induce both, humoral and cellular immune responses, and thus comprises an attractive approach for the development of an effective vaccine against HCV. The pIDKE2 plasmid is the main component of the CIGB's candidate vaccine against Hepatitis C virus (HVC), which is being used in HCV chronically-infected individuals during clinical trials phase 1 and 2.


In order to satisfy the high demanding plasmids consumption for clinical trials, the downstream process was improved to reach the quantities need it for clinical trials.

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2010

As the demand for plasmid DNA (pDNA) based gene therapy and vaccines increases, large scale, cost effective, and reproducible pDNA production will be required. The key to success is a real time in-process control method that ensures a high percentage of supercoiled pDNA in the final product. CIMac™ pDNA Analytical Column allows the monitoring of degradation products (open circular and linear pDNA), the removal of impurities (RNA), and ensures that each production step is yielding the amount of supercoiled pDNA anticipated.

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2008

A supernatant from Phanerochaete chrysosporium cultivation was loaded on CIM® QA Disk, and elution was effected by a linear gradient at a flow rate of 3 mL/min (9 CV/min). Baseline separation of isoenzymes H2, H6/H7, H8 and H10 was achieved in less than 3 minutes.

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